Realizing “My dog ate a grape or raisin (or a lot of grapes or raisins)” can be scary. To help you navigate this situation, integrative veterinarian Dr. Julie Buzby invited emergency veterinarian Dr. Kathryn Williams to the blog. Dr. Williams explains why grapes or raisins are so dangerous for dogs and discusses what to do if your dog eats grapes or raisins. Plus, she answers five FAQs about grape and raisin toxicity in dogs.
It was a surprisingly quiet day at the emergency hospital when Bingo walked in the door. This lively, happy 5-month-old Beagle puppy was not my typical emergency patient. Most of my patients are lethargic, coughing, limping, or have some sort of wound. But not Bingo! He was wagging his little tail so hard that his whole body shook with excitement.
My veterinary nurse, who had spoken with Bingo’s family, reported that the kids in the house had shared their snacks of grapes with Bingo. I evaluated Bingo and determined that all of his vitals were normal. And then I headed out to talk to his family.
Since grapes are toxic to dogs, I recommended that his mom call ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center. While she was on the phone with the toxicologists, we gave Bingo medication to induce vomiting. Thankfully, he vomited up about 10 grapes.
After that, I touched base with the ASPCA toxicologists to discuss a game plan. While this Beagle puppy’s prognosis was a lot better after vomiting up the grapes, we decided to keep Bingo in the hospital for fluid therapy and monitoring.
Are grapes bad for dogs?
You may be wondering if grapes or raisins are really that bad for dogs (especially if you know a dog who eats grapes all the time without a problem). The truth is that they are potentially poisonous to dogs. But grapes and raisins are unusual toxins because only some dogs seem to be sensitive to them.
Unfortunately, there is no way of knowing which dogs will react, and which dogs will be fine. For this reason, it is better to err on the side of caution. This means avoiding giving your dog any grapes or grape-containing products (i.e. trail mix, baked goods like raisin bread, etc.). Red grapes, green grapes, seedless grapes, peeled grapes, and other types of grapes are all potentially dangerous. And so are all the forms of raisins.
What makes grapes and raisins so dangerous for dogs?
For years, the toxic component was a mystery. Theories included a fungal toxin or salicylate (an aspirin-like compound). Most recently, a study in the Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care proposed that tartaric acid might be to blame. The authors of the study noted similarities between grape toxicity in dogs and a case where a dog ingested play dough made with cream of tartar. As it turns out, grapes, tamarinds, and cream of tartar are all high in tartaric acid. And they all cause similar damage to the kidneys.
Time will tell, but this could be one of the missing pieces of the puzzle. Hopefully, additional studies will continue to provide insight into how grape and raisin toxicity occurs. And maybe they will shed light on why grapes seem to affect some dogs more than others.
What are the signs of grape or raisin toxicity in dogs?
One thing we do know for sure is that grapes and raisins attack the kidneys and can lead to acute kidney failure in dogs. Usually, dogs will start to get sick within several hours of eating grapes. Like other causes of acute kidney failure (e.g. leptospirosis or pyelonephritis in dogs), symptoms of grape poisoning include:
- Vomiting (this occurs in almost all dogs who eat grapes and end up in kidney failure)
- Diarrhea (which may contain grape or raisin pieces)
- Being a lethargic dog
- Increased thirst in dogs
- Dog not eating (loss of appetite)
- Dry nose and mouth (or other signs of dehydration)
- Breath that smells like ammonia
- Abdominal pain
- Increased urine production initially, which can progress to decreased urine production or a dog who is not producing urine
- Death (in severe cases)
If you see these signs, make an emergency vet visit right away. However, keep in mind that by the time your dog is symptomatic, his or her kidneys have already started to fail. Therefore, it is much better to take action as soon as you discover your dog has eaten grapes or raisins.
What should you do if your dog eats a grape or raisin?
If your dog eats grapes or anything potentially toxic, contact ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center at (888) 426-4435 or Pet Poison Helpline at (855) 764-7661 ASAP. There is a fee for the service, but it is well worth it. The veterinary toxicologists will let you know if your dog needs emergency care or if you can monitor your dog at home. Plus, they will provide you with a case number and discuss a comprehensive treatment plan with your veterinarian.
A word of warning: You may find “grape toxicity calculators” on the internet which follow a rough rule of thumb for toxicity. However, some dogs may react at a lower dose than the calculator predicts. For this reason, it is best to discuss any grape or raisin exposure with the toxicologists at the ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center or the Pet Poison Helpline instead of relying on an online calculator.
What is the treatment for grape toxicity?
As with any toxicity, an ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure. The sooner we can intervene, the better the prognosis. When talking about a toxin like grapes that cause kidney failure or even death, that is a big deal.
A lot of dog parents will ask if they can take their dog home and monitor him or her and then return if they start seeing symptoms. Unfortunately, by the time we see signs of toxicity, kidney damage has already happened. Thus, it is far better to intervene early to prevent the damage from occurring.
Treatment usually involves the following:
- Inducing vomiting within 4 to 6 hours of consuming grapes or raisins
- Monitoring kidney values the first day, then every 24 hours to ensure they are not increasing
- Administering intravenous fluids to flush the toxin from the body and support kidney function
- Sometimes giving activated charcoal to help bind any remaining toxin in the stomach and intestines
Depending on when your dog consumed grapes, and if the grapes were able to be removed by inducing vomiting, your dog will probably stay in the hospital for 24 to 72 hours.
A happy ending for our Beagle patient
Such was the case for Bingo, who was a favorite during his stay in the hospital. His urine production remained normal, along with his kidney values, and he was soon reunited with his family. Thankfully, his case had a good outcome. This was due in large part to his family proactively taking him to the hospital as soon as they discovered he had eaten grapes.
Grape and raisin FAQs
Over the years, I have gotten many questions about grapes and raisins from my emergency clients. Here are some of the more common ones.
FAQ #1: My dog ate grape jelly. Will he be ok?
At this point, there haven’t been any reports of toxicity from grape juice, jelly, or jam. But there is a lot we still don’t know about grape toxicity. Therefore, it is best to avoid giving your dog grape jelly, grape jam, or grape juice. If your dog does ingest one of those products, contact your veterinarian, ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center, or Pet Poison Helpline.
FAQ #2: My dog ate raisin bread. Is this bad for her?
Any raisin-containing product, such as raisin bread, cinnamon raisin bagels, oatmeal raisin cookies, chocolate-covered raisins, Raisin Bran cereal, or yogurt-covered raisins could be toxic for dogs. While cooking the raisins may slightly decrease their toxicity, they can still cause kidney failure in many dogs. If your dog eats raisins in trail mix, baked goods, or any other food, please promptly contact ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center or Pet Poison Helpline for advice.
FAQ #3: My dog ate one grape. Can one grape kill a dog?
While just one grape may seem harmless, it could potentially be dangerous, especially for a very small dog. We still don’t understand exactly why some dogs develop kidney failure from a small amount of grapes or raisins while others can eat grapes every day and be just fine. Therefore, the best course of action is to consult ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center or Pet Poison Helpline for advice, even if your dog only eats one grape or raisin.
FAQ #4: My dog ate grape stems, vines, or leaves. Are those toxic too?
As of now, it seems that the fruit itself (i.e. the grape) is toxic to dogs. But other parts of the plant—the stems, vines, and leaves—are nontoxic. However, I would still not recommend letting your dog eat grape stems, vines, or leaves.
FAQ #5: My dog drank wine. Will he be ok?
There are currently no reports of grape toxicity from wine, but it could still possibly be toxic. In addition to the grape aspect, wine is also a concern due to the potential for alcohol toxicity.
Dogs are sensitive to alcohol and can become inebriated after ingesting even a small amount of wine. Sometimes they can even drink enough wine for it to be fatal. Therefore, if your dog drinks wine, it is best to call the ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center, Pet Poison Helpline, or your veterinarian for advice on how to proceed.
If your dog eats grapes, act now!
As you have probably figured out by now, the most important thing you can do if your dog eats grapes or raisins is the call ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center or Pet Poison Helpline. It is so much better to pay the fee and get advice right away than it is to think, “My dog ate grapes but seems fine” and then have your dog develop kidney failure due to grape or raisin toxicity.
Being proactive now often pays off down the road. And when it comes to your beloved dog’s health, you can’t be too careful!
Has your dog eaten grapes or raisins and landed himself or herself in the hospital?
Please share your experience.
Hey Doctor Buzby,
My pure bred mini Australian shepherd ate a grape the day before yesterday and then we immediately went to the vet where they got her to throw it up whole. Today she started to pee a lot without a lot of pee coming out. Otherwise then that, she’s been acting completely normal. I’m just really worried, because I allowed her to eat it and about a minute after I looked it up and saw it was toxic for dogs. Is she gonna be okay?
Hi Fritz,
I understand your concern for your pup. You did a great job of acting quickly and I am so glad the veterinary team was able to get the grape back up whole. Since the grape was not ingested, I would not think there would be any lingering issues. This urinary issue is probably unrelated but just very coincidental with the timing. I do think you should call your vet and have it evaluated out of an abundance of caution. My suspicion is your girl may have developed a urinary tract infection or cystitis from stress. Hoping for clear answers and an easy solution. Wishing you and your sweet girl all the best.
i think my dog ate a grapes because she was alrady chewing when i found her what are things to do at home
Hi Selena,
I know you are trying to avoid a vet visit, but this could be a life-threatening emergency. Once the grapes are ingested, there really isn’t anything you can do at home to stop the potential damage to the kidneys. I strongly encourage you to contact your vet and proceed with the guidance they provide. Praying for the safety and well-being of your pup.
how long does.itntake for a dog that ate raisins to have symptoms
Hi Marie,
Dogs that experience raisin toxicity usually start to get sick within a few hours after eating the raisins. But each dog is different so it can vairy. If you think your pup may have ingested a raisin, I highly recommend you contact your vet or the Pet Poison Helpline right away. Hoping all is well with you and your pup.
bir adet üzüm bir şey yaparmi pomerian a
Hi Sezer,
I had to translate your comment to read it. I hope you will be able to do the same thing with my reply. The answer is yes! One grape can definitely cause toxicity issues in a Pomeranian.
50 saat oldu normal
Hi Sezer,
That is great news! It may be a good idea to have your vet check some lab work just to make sure there are no subtle changes to the kidneys. But if your pup is showing no adverse effects and it has been over 2 days since consuming the grape, then they are probably going to be just fine.
Would be giving my little Chihuahua some taco stuff to induce or induce, vomiting or whatever where he ate a piece of green seedless grape he’s been vomiting and now his lamb side of me shivering so don’t have the money to take him to the vet so I really really hope somebody can tell me a home remedy to helping him
Dear Selena,
I understand your financial concerns make it difficult to get the care your boy needs. Unfortunately, there is no home remedy to reverse the damage that can be done to the kidneys when dogs experience grape toxicity. This may be a life-threatening situation, and I strongly urge you to find a way to get your boy medical attention right away. Praying for your sweet pup and hoping for a positive outcome.
And…I also supplement with Vitacholine (which is choline bitartrate). Is this problematic?
Hi Dr. Buzby –
I am so grateful for this article!
I have a question about l-carnitine, which comes in the form of l-carnitine tartrate. I have been giving this to my dog for his heart. Since tartrate is tartaric acid, is this harmful? If so, what type of l-carnitine should I be giving to my dog?
Hi Zak,
This is a good question! The chemical compound that is toxic to dogs is the pure crystalline tartaric acid that is found naturally in grapes and also in cream of tartar. This compound is slightly altered to form other substances such as the carnitine tartrate and choline bitartrate you mentioned in your other comment. I won’t go into detail, but at least one atom is exchanged from the tartaric acid molecule to form these other compounds. Therefore, these other substances should not be toxic to dogs as long as they are used at the correct dosage and for the right reasons as prescribed by your vet.
I looked up the compound that is formed when cream of tartare is used in baking, which forms NaKC4H4O6 as part of the process. The chemical formula for the reaction between baking soda (NaHCO3) and cream of tartar (KHC4H5O6) is: KHC4H5O6(aq) + NaHCO3(aq) → NaKC4H4O6(aq) + H2CO3(aq).
NakC4H4O6 represents sodium potassium tartrate, which is a naturally occurring compound found in grapes, fruits, and coffee beans. It’s also used as an antioxidant in various food products like beverages, candy, and baked goods.
So does research show if coffee beans are as bad as grapes. And say scones, which my children love to bake?
our border collie pup got very lethargic one afternoon, after we’d been out, and the vet couldn’t work out why. i wonder now if she’d eaten something like this? The very did not induce vomiting and we just used an antihistamine and monitored through out the night.
Hi Kim,
These are all great questions! While I would think that the baking process would chemically alter the compounds in the scones enough to render them safe, it may be best to avoid baked goods out of an abundance of caution. Coffee can be dangerous to dogs not because of tartrate compounds but rather due to the caffeine. Caffeine is toxic to dogs. Ultimately, all these foods you mention are not healthy choices for dogs and I would advise to avoid them. I understand sometimes pets get into the trash or accidents happen. You definitely did the right thing by taking your pup to the vet to be evaluated. Hoping all is well. Take care!
I’m currently in highschool, and when I came home from school today I emptied my lunch box leaving the grapes I didn’t eat on my night stand. A couple hours later my dog ate all of them (probably 12-15) My mom rushed to the vet as soon as we found out, they were able to get him to throw up, and I’m hoping he makes a full recovery as I’d have a hard time living with the guilt of killing him. He’s the kind of dog with a stomach of steel, he’s eaten things like chocolate, socks, etc. and after being monitored never had any problems, so it’s really scary knowing he’s in the emergency room. I hope he pulls through.
Dear Emma,
I am so sorry you and your family are going through this difficult situation with your dog. I understand you are upset and blaming yourself but please don’t let this weigh you down. You didn’t mean to do anything that would allow your dog to get hurt. Accidents happen. I hope your boy will be ok and everything turns out for the best. Praying for you and your pup. Feel free to leave an update if you have a chance. Hugs to you. ♥
My husband used to share grape’s with our 20pound dog. She later was diagnosed with cystic kidneys and kidney failure, and lived a couple more years. This was 20 years ago and he still carries Guilt of killing our dog. Your article didn’t mention cyst formation as a possibility for the cause of the kidney damage. Is there is there any assurance I can give him that the lack of knowledge about grape toxicity is not what caused her renal cysts?
Hi Christy,
My heart goes out to you and your husband as he wrestles with this guilt. There was no way for him to know he was doing anything wrong. There is still a lot that is not known about grape toxicity. Researchers are still trying to find out exactly what part of the grape is toxic. I have never heard of this causing cystic kidneys and some dogs can have renal cysts and never show any symptoms. If I had to guess, the cysts may have been coincidental, but I cannot say for sure that the kidney dysfunction and failure was not due to the grape ingestion. Ultimately, we live and learn and do the best we can. I hope your husband can allow himself some grace and let go of this burden he has been carrying. Wishing you both a bright and happy future.